Iterated Function Systems — the Chaos GameTake a handful of "shrink, rotate and shift" recipes, then play a game: from any starting dot, pick a recipe at random, apply it, plot the new dot, and repeat a million times. The dust that builds up is always the same intricate fractal — here a fern whose every frond is a shrunken copy of the whole plant. The journey: each recipe is an affine map (x,y) → (ax+by+e, cx+dy+f); the fern needs just four, chosen with the right probabilities, and the attractor they share is drawn one random point at a time.